Eficacia de la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual en la Intervención sobre la Violencia Sexual: Una Revisión Sistemática: Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Addressing Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review

Reina Angelica Barros Paredes

doi:10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2025.10.37.2.50-70

Authors

Reina Angelica Barros Paredes Universidad César Vallejo, UCV https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1082-8090

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2025.10.37.2.50-70

Keywords:

cognitive therapy, sexual violence, child sexual abuse, mental health, victims

Abstract

Sexual violence constitutes a public health problem that generates serious consequences in child and adolescent populations. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in victims of sexual violence through the analysis of studies published between 2015 and 2024. A systematic review was conducted using an inductive-deductive method, qualitative descriptive approach, and non-experimental design, consulting Proquest, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Twenty articles that met established inclusion criteria through the PRISMA method were selected. Results showed that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduces symptoms of post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems in children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence. Predominant methodological designs were randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Identified benefits included modification of dysfunctional beliefs, strengthening of self-efficacy, improvement in emotional regulation, and development of coping skills. It is concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy represents a highly effective intervention, based on solid scientific evidence, which can be implemented in different cultural contexts and application modalities, contributing significantly to the comprehensive recovery of victims of sexual violence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Reina Angelica Barros Paredes, Universidad César Vallejo, UCV

Nacida en Trujillo, Perú, el 3 de diciembre del año 1997. Cursé mis estudios universitarios en la Universidad César Vallejo (UCV), en la carrera de Psicología; y a nivel de Maestría cursé Psicología Educativa; así mismo lleve un diplomado en conductas suicidas por lo que soy socia de la Sociedad Peruana de Suicidología; también cuento con una formación de facilitadora grupal en dinámicas y aprendizaje experiencial; y tengo una especialización de desarrollo e inclusión social; finalmente me encuentro laborando en la gerencia de desarrollo social como subgerente municipal de atención a población vulnerable.

References

Abramovitch, A., Reese, H., Woods, D., Peterson, A., Deckersbach, T., Piacentini, J., … Wilhelm, S. (2015a,b). Psychometric Properties of a Self-Report Instrument for the Assessment of Tic Severity in Adults With Tic Disorders. Behavior Therapy, 46(6), 786-796, e-ISSN: 0005-7894. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2015.06.002

Allen, L., Ashford, P., Beeson, E., Byford, S., Chow, J., Dalgleish, T., … Meiser-Stedman, R. (2021a,b). Decrypt trial: study protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial of cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth exposed to multiple traumatic stressors. BMJ Open, 11(7), 1-12, e-ISSN: 2044-6055. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047600

Auslander, W., Edmond, T., Foster, A., Smith, P., McGinnis, H., Gerke, D., … Jonson-Reid, M. (2020a,b,c). Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in adolescent girls in child welfare: A randomized controlled trial. Children and Youth Services Review, 119, 1-11, e-ISSN: 0190-7409. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105602

Becerra, A., Prado, O., Cléia, Â., Teixeira, A., Cruz, R., & Fernandes, A. (2023). Adolescent female victims of sexual violence: analysis of loss of follow-up after emergency care and outpatient follow-up. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 45(11), 661-675, e-ISSN: 1806-9339. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1772594

Birkeland, M., Holt, T., Ormhaug, S., & Jensen, T. (2020a,b). Perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms in children and youth in therapy: A parallel process latent growth curve model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 132, 1-8, e-ISSN: 0005-7967. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103655

Blanco, J. (2024). La revisión sistemática como metodología para la investigación en E/LE. Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación, 97, 179-193, e-ISSN: 1576-4737. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.5209/clac.88711

Gómez-León, M., Moreno, Y., Cárdenas-Serrato, P., Vasquez-Perez, H., & Wilches-Gutiérrez, J. (2020). Violencia sexual en niños y adolescentes varones en el mundo: una revisión integrativa. Revista Colombiana de Enfermería, 19(2), 1-16, e-ISSN: 2346-2000. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.18270/rce.v19i2.2862

Gonçalves, J., & Silva, J. (2018a,b,c). Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental em situação de Abuso Sexual: um Estudo de Caso. Revista Psicología, Diversidade e Saúde, 7(3), 423-432, e-ISSN: 2317-3394. Recuperado de: https://dx.doi.org/10.17267/2317-3394rpds.v7i3.1869

Guerra, C., & Barrera, P. (2017a,b). Psicoterapia con víctimas de abuso sexual inspirada en la terapia cognitivo-conductual centrada en el trauma. Revista de Psicología, 26(2), 1-13, e-ISSN: 0719-0581. Recuperado de: https://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2017.47952

Guerra, C., Taylor, E., & Arredondo, V. (2024a,b). Effect of three group interventions on psychosocial functioning in adolescents exposed to interpersonal violence in Chile: A pilot clinical trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 157, 1-13, e-ISSN: 1873-7757. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.107073

Habigzang, L., Freitas, C., Hohendorff, J., & Koller, S. (2016a,b,c). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for girls victims of sexual violence in Brazil: Are there differences in effectiveness when applied by different groups of psychologists?. Anales de psicología, 32(2), 433-441, e-ISSN: 1695-2294. Retrieved from: https://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.2.213041

Hébert, M., & Amédée, L. (2020a,b,c). Latent class analysis of post-traumatic stress symptoms and complex PTSD in child victims of sexual abuse and their response to Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 11(1), 1-10, e-ISSN: 2000-8066. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2020.1807171

Herbert, J., & Paton, A. (2024a,b,c). Effects of Therapy at a Community Based Trauma Therapy Service Treating Child Abuse and Neglect: A Pre-Post Study Using Administrative Data. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 17, 735-749, e-ISSN: 1936-153X. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-024-00625-6

Hernández-Sampieri, R., & Mendoza, C. (2018). Metodología de la investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. ISBN: 978-1-4562-6096-5. Ciudad de México, México: Editorial McGraw-Hill Education.

Hohendorff, J., Habigzang, L., & Koller, S. (2015a,b). Psicoterapia para Crianças e Adolescentes Vítimas de Violência Sexual no Sistema Público: Panorama e Alternativas de Atendimento. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 35(1), 182-198, e-ISSN: 1982-3703. Recuperado de: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703000202014

Hollon, S. (2024). What we got wrong about depression and its treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 180, 1-8, e-ISSN: 1873-622X. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104599

Hultmann, O., Broberg, A., & Axberg, U. (2023a,b,c). A randomized controlled study of trauma focused cognitive behavioural therapy compared to enhanced treatment as usual with patients in child mental health care traumatized from family violence. Children and Youth Services Review, 144, 1-11, e-ISSN: 1873-7765. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106716

Jácome, M., & Campodónico, N. (2024). Eficacia de terapia cognitiva conductual focalizada en el trauma aplicada en abuso sexual infantil: revisión sistemática. Revista Perspectivas Metodológicas, 24(28), 1-12, e-ISSN: 2618-4125. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.18294/pm.2024.4513

Kirsch, V., Keller, F., Tutus, D., & Goldbeck, L. (2018a,b,c). Treatment expectancy, working alliance, and outcome of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 12(16), 1-10, e-ISSN: 1753-2000. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0223-6

Li, J., Li, J., Zhang, W., Wang, G., & Qu, Z. (2023a,b,c). Effectiveness of a school-based, lay counselor-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for Chinese children with posttraumatic stress symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 33, 1-13, e-ISSN: 2666-6065. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100699

Martínez-Corona, J., Palacios-Almón, G., & Oliva-Garza, D. (2023). Guía para la revisión y el análisis documental: propuesta desde el enfoque investigativo. Ra Ximhai, 19(1), 67-83, e-ISSN: 1665-0441. México: Universidad Autónoma Indígena de México.

McElvaney, R., Monaghan, A., Treacy, C., & Delaney, N. (2023a,b). Adolescents’ experiences of psychotherapy following child sexual abuse. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 26(630), 1-8, e-ISSN: 2239-8031. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.630

OMS (2024). Maltrato infantil: Datos y cifras. Ginebra, Suiza: Organización Mundial de la Salud.

Palfrey, N., Ryan, R., & Reay, R. (2023a,b). Implementation of Trauma-specific Interventions in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32, 1722-1735, e-ISSN: 1573-2843. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-022-02467-y

Pereda, N. (2023). Victimización sexual en la primera infancia: Una revisión narrativa de aspectos clínicos. Papeles del Psicólogo, 44(1), 15-21, e-ISSN: 0214-7823. Recuperado de: https://dx.doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol.3006

Perry, E., Osborne, M., Lee, N., Kinnish, K., & Self-Brown, S. (2022a,b). Posttraumatic Cognitions and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Young People Who Have Experienced Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking. Public Health Reports, 137(1), 91-101, e-ISSN: 1468-2877. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1177/00333549211041552

Pillcorema, C., & Hernández, Y. (2022). La terapia cognitiva-conductual y su aplicación en el abuso sexual infantil. Pro Sciences. Revista de Producción, Ciencias e Investigación, 6(42), 361-372, e-ISSN: 2588-1000. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.29018/issn.2588-1000vol6iss42.2022pp361-372

Rakhmasari, V., Nashori, F., & Kurniawan, Y. (2021a,b,c). Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescent victims of incest. Psikohumaniora. Jurnal Penelitian Psikologi, 6(2), 187-198, e-ISSN: 2527-7456. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.21580/pjpp.v6i2.8242

Ribeiro, I., Lamônica, C., Aznar-Blefari, C., Priolo-Filho, S., & Zibetti, M. (2024). Revisão integrativa sobre terapias comportamentais e cognitivas aplicadas a casos de violência sexual infantil. Revista Brasileira de Terapias Cognitivas, 20, 1-9, e-ISSN: 1982-3746. Recuperado de: https://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1808-5687.20240319

Rodrigues, R., & Rodrigues, R. (2024). Escolas no combate à violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: análise bibliográfica de ações preventivas. Ensaio. Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação, 32(123), 1-23, e-ISSN: 1809-4465. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-40362024003204004

Rodriguez, V. (2022). Reflexiones en torno a la violencia sexual: consecuencias y acciones. Revista Médica Herediana, 33(3), 214-220, e-ISSN: 1729-214X. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v33i3.4343

Romero, C. (2024). La investigación teórica en educación: Singularidades y tendencias. Revista Internacional de Teoría e Investigación Educativa, 2, 1-9, e-ISSN: 2990-1936. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.5209/ritie.95053

Romo-Martínez, J. (2015). La lista de cotejo como herramienta para la lectura crítica de artículos de investigación publicados. Revista de Enfermería del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 23(2), 109-113, e-ISSN: 0188-431X. México: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.

Schneider, J., & Habigzang, L. (2016a,b,c). Aplicação do Programa Cognitivo-Comportamental Superar para atendimento individual de meninas vítimas de violência sexual: estudos de caso. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 34(3), 543-556, e-ISSN: 2145-4515. Recuperado de: https://dx.doi.org/10.12804/apl34.3.2016.08

Simons, A., Noordegraaf, M., & van Regenmortel, T. (2025a,b). ‘We can be a family again, but different than before’. A single-case study on therapeutic interventions that initiated a recovery process in a family after the disclosure of sibling sexual behavior. Child Abuse & Neglect, 162, 1-16, e-ISSN: 1873-7757. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106920

Tsheole, P., Makhado, L., & Maphula, A. (2023). Childhood trauma and exposure to violence interventions: the need for effective and feasible evidence-based interventions. Children, 10(11), 1-26, e-ISSN: 2227-9067. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111760

UNICEF (2024). Sexual violence: Globally, 650 million (or 1 in 5) girls and women alive today have been subjected to sexual violence as children. Among boys and men, between 410 and 530 million (or around 1 in 7) experienced sexual violence in childhood. New York, United States: Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia.

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., Mardhiyah, A., & Lukman, M. (2023). Interventions focused by nurses for reducing negative effect of traumatic experience on victims of sexual violence: a scoping review. Healthcare, 11(1), 1-11, e-ISSN: 2227-9032. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010125

Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Addressing Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review