Autismo: Inteligencia detrás de la Mirada Evasiva
Autism: Intelligence Behind the Avoidant Gaze
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2025.10.35.13.275-296Palabras clave:
trastorno del espectro autista, contacto visual, procesamiento sensorial, neurodiversidad, inteligenciaResumen
Esta investigación analiza la relación entre la mirada evasiva y la inteligencia en personas con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Se fundamenta en la premisa de que este comportamiento no indica déficit cognitivo sino diferencias neurobiológicas en el procesamiento sensorial y social. Mediante una revisión sistemática con enfoque cuantitativo, se analizaron 31 estudios seleccionados de bases de datos como Scopus y Web of Science, entre otros, evaluando su calidad con la herramienta CASP. Los resultados revelan que la mirada evasiva funciona como estrategia adaptativa para: regular la sobrecarga sensorial, reducir la ansiedad social y optimizar el procesamiento informativo. Las intervenciones terapéuticas muestran tasas de éxito superiores al 75% cuando respetan estas diferencias neurológicas. Se identificaron seis dimensiones que explican el contacto visual reducido: sensoriales, socioemocionales, neurológicas, cognitivas, contextuales e intervenciones. Se concluye que la mirada evasiva representa una manifestación de neurodiversidad que coexiste con habilidades cognitivas únicas, no una limitación intelectual. Esta reconceptualización tiene implicaciones significativas para el desarrollo de prácticas educativas inclusivas que reconozcan vías alternativas de comunicación y aprendizaje, implementen evaluaciones cognitivas independientes del contacto visual y adapten entornos para facilitar el procesamiento informativo en personas con TEA.
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