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Author: Norelis Duque Zambrano

Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, UNESR

norelisduque@hotmail.com

Mérida, Venezuela

 

Comprehensive Training for the Administration in Collective of the Socioproductive Organizations

 

Abstract

             The main purpose of this article is to promote transformative actions for integral formation, in order to guide the collective administration of the Socioproductive Organizations of the 27 de Noviembre community located in Vigía Estado Mérida. The research is based on the qualitative approach, supported by participatory action research. Some theoretical approaches that support the study are presented. Census, interview and participant observation are used as techniques. Some results show the need for continuous training of the members of these organizations, promote the empowerment of popular power, as well as value the collaborative work and the diligent participation of the people who make up the socio-productive companies to consolidate a community organizational culture.

 

             Keywords: training; local government; community.

 

 

 

Formación Integral para la Administración en Colectivo de las Organizaciones Socioproductivas

 

Resumen

Este artículo tiene como propósito fundamental promover acciones transformadoras para la formación integral, a fin de orientar la administración en colectivo de las Organizaciones socioproductivas de la comunidad 27 de Noviembre ubicadas en el Vigía estado Mérida. La investigación se fundamenta en el enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en la investigación-acción participativa. Se presentan algunos planteamientos teóricos que sustentan el estudio. Se utilizan como técnicas el censo, la entrevista y la observación participante. Algunos resultados evidencian la necesidad de formación continua de los miembros de estas organizaciones, promover el empoderamiento del poder popular, así como valorar el trabajo colaborativo y la participación diligente de las personas que conforman las empresas socioproductivas para consolidar una cultura organizacional comunitaria.

 

Palabras clave: formación; administración local; comunidad.

 

 

 

1. Introduction

Venezuela is experiencing crucial and profound changes in the political, economic and especially in the social sphere, framed in a project of a country that considers the citizen as the protagonist of the construction of its future, that is to say that all Venezuelans are included with all the rights that means. This is how, in the National Project Simón Bolívar First Socialist Plan "PPS", the Economic and Social Development of the Nation (2007-2013):

Several lines of significant value are proposed where they are cited: The New Socialist Ethic, the supreme social happiness, the revolutionary protagonist democracy, the socialist productive model, the new national geopolitics, Venezuela as a world energy power and the new international geopolitics (pp.3-4).

 

In this sense, these seven aspects highlight that for the foundation of Socialism of the XXI Century, it is necessary that the people through the Communal Councils as a form of organization and democratic participation promote the participation of all citizens within a space local of the national territory so that they may appropriate each and every one of the actions and solutions that they wish to establish in each of the plans, programs and projects aimed at improving the quality of life of all those who make up a community. In this regard, the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (1999), in its Article 2, expresses:

They are instances of participation, articulation and integration between the various community organizations, social groups and citizens, which allow the organized people to directly exercise the management of public policies and projects aimed at responding to the needs and aspirations of the communities in the region. building a society of equity and social justice.

 

With the aforementioned article, it is clear the right of every citizen to participate in the development of public affairs, understood in planning, elaboration, execution and control of them, thus granting a leading role to the Communities in favor of the development and transformation of the society that we want more just and solidary, constructing collectively the local statistical historical diagnosis with the proper sense of belonging that is going to be executed, controlled, controlled, financed, defined, chosen and promoted by the spokespersons and elected spokespersons in assemblies to attend each of the areas according to the needs of the community. It is evident, the great commitment assumed or should assume the communal councils, framed in the administration of resources that allows the impulse, the creation and strengthening of socio-productive organizations under a solidarity economy and development approach.

 

In this regard, the Organic Law of the Communal Economic System (2010), in its Chapter III of the socio-productive Organizations in its Section I, Article 9, indicates that:

The socioproductive organizations are production units constituted by the instances of the Popular Power, the Public Power or by agreement between both, with common objectives and interests, oriented to the satisfaction of collective needs, through an economy based on production, transformation, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services, as well as knowledge and knowledge, in which the work has its own, authentic meaning; without any discrimination (p.6).

                           

To this end, in the search to incorporate changes in the structure of the social relations of production that prevail in the country, the Venezuelan state at present has decided to promote and support these new forms of organization. However, it should be noted that the creation and promotion of Social Production Companies must be assumed by the collective and not only by state institutions. Hence, those that owe their creation to the public effort should direct their efforts to the consolidation of the same and the formation of other Social Production Companies with a clear perspective of growth and effective management of resources. In this context, El Troudi and Monedero (2006): point out that communities constitute spaces to "... promote Social Production Enterprises from the special knowledge they have of their community and their needs. Having identified a need or an opportunity to create social utility, these organizations have a privileged position to detect productive possibilities ..." (p.149).

 

From this perspective, it is convenient to recognize the role of the community in the consolidation of an awareness of common well-being based on teamwork, camaraderie and commitment to the cooperative and democratic project, which promotes the rational use of the resources of the place they inhabit. Likewise, it is intended to generate a set of productive activities with active participation of the community with the intention of minimizing the effects of social, cultural and economic exclusion through the formation of Social Production Company Networks.

 

However, in the participatory diagnosis carried out in the community 27 de Noviembre, through the visits made, the rapid probes, as well as the sharing of experiences with the members of the socio-productive organizations, it was possible to observe in them, problems to carry a adequate administration of the resources assigned to them, in addition to situations such as: low participation of the partners in the activities inherent to solving collective needs, low participation, loss of values, differences in criteria, lack of organization, little ideological awareness, ignorance of the legal framework that guides its activities, in addition to other adverse scenarios that jeopardize the successful development of the organizations that were formed in 2007 in the aforementioned community. This was corroborated and deepened through the participatory social diagnosis carried out prior to undertaking transformative actions that allow reverting the threats and weaknesses that obscure and currently impede the economic growth of this community.

 

The above, evidence in members of socio-productive organizations weaknesses to manage their resources and accounting processes, difficulty to develop and consolidate these companies in the market, to which is added the unwillingness to solve community problems and needs that are presented, as well as the breach of legal provisions established for its operation.

 

Thus, the need to comprehensively train people who have the opportunity to take the reins of their own socio-productive projects within the communities, preparing them to face the new challenge and the opportunities that are being offered, is imperative. with the possibility of undertaking and developing socio-productive enterprises aimed at the production of goods and / or services characterized by collaborative work, the absence of social and labor discrimination, without hierarchies among its members, where equality among its members is promoted. It is important to point out that in this type of organizations, participatory planning and state or collective ownership must be deprived, although a combination of both can occur, in order to consolidate the companies in the market and favor the economic and social development of the nation.

 

From this perspective, the purpose of this research has the purpose of promoting transformative actions for integral formation, that allows guiding the collective administration of the socio-productive Organizations of the 27 de Noviembre community located in the Vigía Estado Mérida. The theoretical foundation of this research, addresses issues related to comprehensive training for collective management of social production companies.

 

1.1. Integral Training Process

This process includes the formation and training of man, in the specific case of the partner of the social organization, in aspects related to personality, social, moral and work habits; that is to say, the integral maturation of the human being within an organization that favors the development of its potentialities. For Ferry (1990): training is considered "as a process of development and structuring of the person who carries it out under the double effect of an internal maturation and of possibilities of learning, of reunions and experiences". (p.50), that is, it refers to specific learning and experiences which are considered necessary to achieve the formation of man as an integral being that allows him to acquire the necessary knowledge to perform different tasks in the organization, as well as to develop attitudes and abilities necessary to play an important role within this type of organization.

 

According to the author, the purpose of the training process is to eliminate the deficiencies of the performance of people, which allows generating experiences that lead them to arouse new knowledge, update their skills, as well as improve work and organization. It is convenient that the process of integral formation incorporates the intellectual, the ethical, the human, the social and the professional due to the great importance that these elements have for the growth and development of every person, making it clear that the union of these would help significantly to the achievement of people prepared to face any challenge that comes their way.

 

1.2. The formation of Social Production Company Networks

Throughout history, man has been in need of producing his food and guaranteeing his subsistence. From more technified processes they managed to improve agriculture and livestock, which allowed the satisfaction of their needs and that of their family group. This situation generated surpluses that had to be distributed, which gave rise to private property and the exploitation of man at work. However, given the growth of inequalities among human beings and in order to promote inclusion, the state grants the working people the opportunity to found a new society based on collaborative work, respect and social ownership.

 

To achieve this, it is necessary to promote an awareness of the common well-being, where each one makes important contributions for the benefit of all, promoting the rational and productive use of the resources of the communities where the collective participates with a view to minimizing the negative effects of the social and economic exclusion that favors the formation of Networks of Social Production Companies. From this perspective, Álvarez and Rodríguez (2008a) define these networks as:

… the space for the productive projects of the members of the community to germinate, flourish and flourish; they are organized and agree to create Social Production Enterprises (EPS) that allow them to strengthen and complement their technical and professional capacities (p.109).

 

In this way, it is urgent to rescue the value of the means of production, the collaborative and productive work that drives Endogenous Development as a mechanism of local and regional development that enables the incorporation of improvements in the quality of life of those involved in generating resources. from the work they do for the benefit of all. In this sense, Fernández (2004), points out that endogenous development:

It seeks the implementation of an indigenous development strategy that promotes a solidary economy oriented to the needs of the collective and national markets, therefore, that promotes the defense and valorization of natural, cultural and patrimonial capital; the defense of social and democratic capital (p.9).

 

1.3. Advantages of Social Production Companies

The companies of social production represent a viable alternative to promote a social economy and collective work among the members of the communities. In this regard, Álvarez and Rodríguez (2008b), the main advantages are:

Organize the communities, promoting the active and protagonistic participation in productive projects, take advantage of the comparative advantages of their territories, for the production of goods and services aimed at satisfying needs of the internal market as well as for export, eradicating poverty, improving the quality of life of the communities located in regions, states, municipalities and communities with a Human Development Index or Gross Domestic Product below the national average and contribute to the deconcentration of the population in the national territory (p.63).

 

It is important to point out that from the conformation and development of the EPS, the communities will be able to assume a leading role and contribute with the progress of their environment, not only in the economic but also in the social and cultural aspects. In addition, projects that contribute to the reduction of poverty, the exploitation of the labor force and the unequal distribution of wealth can be generated.

 

1.4. The socio-productive organizations

The socio-productive companies represent a tool of the State to promote the organization of the people based on collaborative work that allows generating productive processes capable of satisfying their basic needs and contributing to the food security of the people. Undoubtedly, this type of organization necessarily requires the protagonistic participation of the communities through their potential, abilities and skills in the administration of the EPSs, who must work hand in hand with the Communal Councils in order to promote spaces.

 

In this sense, Álvarez and Rodríguez (2008c): point out that "This involves consolidating trust in the ability of organized communities to successfully assume control of the production of goods and services required for the satisfaction of their needs. basic and essential" (p.106). Hence, this link between the community and social production companies implies trust in the people to create, promote and consolidate collective property companies dedicated to the production of goods and services that meet the community's needs.

 

2. Methodology

This research experience is based on the qualitative approach, under the participatory research-action method. The studies developed according to this method are based on the observation of reality in its natural context and generate actions that allow transforming the reality that affects communities. Consistent with this methodological orientation, the group of key informants is represented by five (05) leaders of the Communal Council "27 de Noviembre" and four (04) members of the socio-productive organizations of the community, for a total of nine (09) people, which respond to the following criteria: Management of information about the purposes of the study, willingness to participate in the research, community leadership, constant assistance, sense of belonging to the institution and knowledge of the issues raised.

 

In addition, the census, interview and participant observation were used as techniques in the development of the study. In relation to the instruments, a structured interview was used, where the questions that were going to be posed were pre-established in order to get concrete information that would deepen the experience in the administration of the organizations, with a view to establishing the actions that favor the achievement of the purposes outlined. From there it follows, that the observation was given from the beginning of the process, where the researcher was involved in each of the activities developed. Finally, a questionnaire was applied consisting of a series of items, where respondents could answer according to their criteria in order to collect demographic, economic, educational, socio-productive, work and health data of the people belonging to the Urbanism November 27.

 

The results of the research will be presented according to the phases that guide the action research expressed by Hurtado y Toro (2007), such as: diagnosis, planning, execution and evaluation.

 

2.1.  Diagnostic phase

The situation described, then raises the need to strengthen these organizations, so that a research work should focus on achieving an effective functioning of socio-productive enterprises, thus giving importance to the key elements of social economic development in this community. For this reason this research was developed in the Geographic Region corresponding to the Los Robles sector, Urbanism 27 de Noviembre, located in the Municipality Alberto Adriani specifically in the Parroquia Pulido Méndez of El Vigía Mérida State, selected this community in the first instance, for its location close to Simón Rodríguez Experimental National University El Vigía Nucleus, in addition to the approach of the researcher, for belonging to this community and being an active member of the Executive Unit of the Communal Council November 27.

 

In this, the following categories emerged, with which an attempt was made to respond to the purposes of this investigation:

Administration of the assigned resources: It was possible to demonstrate that the socio-productive organizations of this sector (November 27), present problems to carry out an adequate administration of the resources assigned to them.

 

Cooperative values: low participation of the partners was found in the inherent activities to solve collective needs related to individualism, loss of values ​​such as cooperation, solidarity, responsibility, control and social equality, low productivity, differences in criteria and lack of education, organization, ideological awareness approaching more capitalist positivist paradigms, which have had a negative impact on growth since its formation.

 

Training needs: It was perceived that the socio-productive organizations of this community, lack information on the legal framework on which their activities are based, in addition to presenting deficiencies in training in various areas of knowledge, considered essential for strengthening them, as well as the impulse of the potentialities of the community and the attention of the social needs of the collective. Also, the willingness and availability of part of the partners to participate in a training process that allows them to acquire the necessary tools to be able to lead their companies successfully, taking into consideration the importance of collective work, equality, sense of belonging, preparation, the humanistic and endogenous sense and the willingness to contribute to the economic and social strengthening of the context in which they operate.

 

By virtue of the above, the need to train entrepreneurs who have the opportunity to direct socio-productive projects within the communities, preparing them to face the new challenge that characterizes the current world becomes imperative.

 

2.2. Planning Phase

Based on the diagnosis made, it is considered during the planning phase, to design and organize the actions aimed at promoting comprehensive training for collective administration of the socio-productive organizations of the selected community and which is the result of the awareness-raising, interactions, experiences in community work and sharing experiences, ways of thinking and acting with communities in order to overcome the difficulties detected. For this, eight (8) weekly meetings were held with the partners of the socio-productive organizations.

 

2.3. Execution Phase

In this phase, the training program was developed for members of socio-productive organizations whose purpose was to promote collective administration and the achievement of the goals set. The facilitated workshops were: Plan of the Homeland, Collaborative Work, Human Relations, Legal Aspects of the socio-productive Organizations, Basic Computing, Basic Accounting, Social Marketing and Protagónica Participation of the Communities. For this, it became necessary to develop activities that allowed: a). Massive attendance of those involved in the organized workshops; b) favor cooperative work among the members of the different socio-productive organizations of the community; c) make comparisons between the theoretical knowledge and the practice that is presented in the administration of this type of organizations and d). assess the protagonist participation of those involved. From this perspective, the different actions developed allowed them to recognize the problem, develop decision-making skills and design courses of action to solve problems.

 

2.4. Evaluation Phase

The evaluation was assumed as a continuous and cyclical process during this process were carried out several processes: interpretation, reflection, systematization of the results and in some cases of replanning that allowed to respond to the purposes of the investigation. The positive evaluation of the actions carried out through an assessment instrument indicates the great willingness to learn and the skills demonstrated by each one of those present, presenting their experiences, asking questions and exchanging ideas and points of view. Likewise, significant progress has been observed in the filling of accounting books, preparation of community projects, collaborative work, competencies for planning and management of administrative, legal and marketing tools.

 

On the other hand, it is necessary to highlight the great willingness and assistance of the partners of the socio-productive companies, as well as the commitment acquired for the efficient development of the activities was significantly high. There was great receptivity and interest on the part of the partners, who expressed gratitude to the invited specialists. Finally, the practical workshops turned out to be a highly effective strategy to identify errors or omissions in their administrative practice.

 

2.5. Transformations experienced in the training period

In this section, the changes observed and registered by the partners of the organizations under study are shown, taking as a reference that action research focuses on strengthening the awareness of those involved through useful actions and reflections for the transformation of reality, the achievements in this research are focused on:

1.  At the beginning of 2016, the partners of the socio-productive organizations after a reflection process recognized the weaknesses they have to choose between different options the solution to the problems in different contexts, where the technological, accounting and marketing areas stand out....

 

2.  The partners of these organizations provided support to the researchers throughout the training process and the execution of the transformative actions for eight weeks, as active participants in the training, making the most of each of the planned meetings.

 

3.  During the development, planning and execution of activities the researcher shared several meetings with the partners of the socio-productive companies in order to collectively reflect on the achievements made with the development of the actions carried out and the need to continue the training process that guarantees the efficient functioning of these organizations and guarantee their survival over time.

 

4.  In each of the workshops carried out, the members of the socio-productive organizations showed their acceptance and willingness to participate in each activity carried out. Each of them continually reflected on each of their weaknesses, errors and ways to manage the resources of socio-productive organizations who saw in each of the meetings the possibility to clarify doubts, learn to develop the administrative process efficiently and achieve training required to ensure the permanence and growth of these companies in their communities while achieving better living conditions. In this sense, they assumed with responsibility and commitment the assistance to each activity developed.

 

5. It was achieved that each of the stakeholders recognized the key role they play in the administration of these organizations. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the actions were carried out in an environment characterized by respect and harmony, where each showed a sense of commitment, willingness and self-reflection.

 

3. Analysis and interpretation of the obtained data

When addressing the issue of the administration of the resources allocated by the State for its growth in the market and the satisfaction of the needs of those involved, difficulties were detected in the diagnosis that led to the planning and execution of actions aimed at the efficient management of the resources, as well as the rendering of accounts to the competent entities and the development of a reliable and futuristic administrative process. Another aspect that was evident was the absence of spaces for reflection on cooperative values ​​such as solidarity, responsibility, participation, equality, co-responsibility and mutual respect. To incorporate improvements in this regard, it became necessary for each member of the social productive organizations reflect on the contribution of each to the processes that generated them and to recognize that it is necessary to assume commitment administration group of socio-productive organizations in order to incorporate improvements in their living conditions.

 

As for the training needs perceived by members of the social productive organizations of this community, various workshops that allowed in boosting the potential of the members of this community who demonstrated willingness and commitment to be participants in a comprehensive training can be organized to provide you with the tools for the successful management of these companies.

 

4. Conclusions

The results of the present investigation show that the situation presented in the socio-productive companies at the time of diagnosis allowed the identification of the difficulties and weaknesses with respect to the administration of this type of organizations.

 

The motivation and enthusiasm of the partners of the socio-productive companies were an essential strength during the development of the actions aimed at optimizing the collective management of these companies. Seven training workshops were organized for the members of socio-productive organizations in various areas, including: Simón Bolívar National Project. (Productive Socialist Model), Collaborative Work, Human Relations, Legal Aspects of Socioproductive Organizations, Basic Computing, Basic Accounting and Social Marketing. Undoubtedly, these were aimed at developing the acquisition of skills and abilities to understand the raison d'etre of these organizations, reduce group conflicts, individualism and ensure their permanence in the market through the efficient management of resources.

 

The formative experience of the members of the socio-productive organizations has an impact on the administrative practices, enabling the development of activities in an efficient manner, while at the same time allowing for the timely identification of errors and omissions. In addition to this, this training will favor the development, application and evaluation of projects that benefit the communities.

 

Likewise, the transformative actions favored notably the awareness and commitment of the partners of these organizations to carry out the administrative and managerial processes in order to consolidate a community organizational culture, open spaces for ongoing formation in community organizations and promote better conditions and quality of life for those involved.

 

5. References

Álvarez, V., & Rodríguez, D. (2008a,b,c). Guía teórico practica para la creación de empresas de producción social. Caracas, Venezuela: La pupila imsonne.

 

Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (1999). Gaceta Oficial Extraordinaria N.º 36.860, 30 de diciembre. Caracas, Venezuela: Asamblea Nacional Constituyente. Recuperado de: https://observatorioplanificacion.cepal.org/sites/default/files/instrument/files/constitucion_venezuela.pdf

 

El Troudi, H., & Monedero, J. (2006). Empresas de producción social instrumento para el socialismo del siglo XXI. 2ª edición. Caracas, Venezuela: Centro Internacional Miranda.

 

Fernández, M. (2004). Ciudadanía, territorio y desarrollo endógeno: resistencias y mediaciones de las políticas locales en las encrucijadas del neoliberalismo. Caracas, Venezuela: Biblos.

 

Ferry, G. (1990). El trayecto de la formación. Los enseñantes entre la teoría y la práctica. México: Paidós/UNAM-ENEPI.

 

Hurtado, I., & Toro, J. (2007). Paradigma y métodos de investigación en tiempos de cambios. Valencia, Venezuela: Clemente Editores.

 

Ley Orgánica del Sistema Económico Comunal (2010). Gaceta Oficial N.º 6.011 Extraordinario del 21 de diciembre. Caracas, Venezuela: La Asamblea Nacional de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Recuperado de: http://www.sencamer.gob.ve/sites/default/files/pdf/LeyOrganicadelSistemaEconomicoComunal.pdf

 

Proyecto Nacional Simón Bolívar Primer Plan Socialista - PPS (2007). Desarrollo Económico y Social de la Nación 2007-2013. Caracas, Venezuela: Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Educación Universitaria, Ciencia y Tecnología. Recuperado de: https://www.mppeuct.gob.ve/el-ministerio/politicas/leyes-y-planes/proyecto-nacional-simon-bolivar-primer-plan-socialista-pps

 

 

Norelis Duque Zambrano

e-mail: norelisduque@hotmail.com

 

Born in Mérida, Venezuela. I have a Bachelor's Degree in Administration, a Master's Degree in Administration, Marketing and Education from Robinsoniana. Associate Professor of Exclusive Dedication, teacher and researcher at UNESR, El Vigía, Venezuela. I work at Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez (UNESR)

 

The content of this manuscript is disseminated under a Creative Commons License Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International

 

- Original Version in Spanish -

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2018.3.9.7.137-156